Analysing The Political System In Ukraine Politics Essay

Analysing The Political System In Ukraine Politics Essay beforehand mentioning about the presidents and presidential picks, the policy-making g overnance of the Ukraine is important to analyze its political transition. With its independence, Ukraine had some difficult task which would be solved in compendious time. A new political brass had to be built. New trunk of estateal security and defense had to be created. With its formation, the general foundations of the political system argon defined. Ukraine is an separatist, sovereign, pop and social and jural separate in conformation with its organic lawfulness.The state world power is divided into legislative, end maker and judicial branches. agree to Constitution, the main responsibility of the state is to establish and promote human rights and freedoms. Ukraine is a unitary state, in which its territory is integral and inviolable. The state has a unity citizenship. (http//www.ukraine-arabia.ae/ukraine/politics/preside nt/)As we look into the President of the Ukraine, this post is designated to be Head of State and a guarantor of depicted object sovereignty, territorial single and adherence to the Constitution. President is elected by the citizens of the state on the soil of direct universal suffrage. The condition of presidential big businessman is five eld. In order to be elected as President in that location ar obligations. One of them is nutrition in Ukraine for ten familys before the elections, the separate is universe citizens.(http//www.ukraine-arabia.ae/ukraine/politics/president/)The only legislative body of Ukraine is the sevens which is called the Verkhovna Rada. Citizens elect the deputies of Ukraine via direct universal suffrage through secret vote. The parliamentary election system is mixed with majority and proportional. 450 deputies ar elected 225 of them argon elected at single-mandate constituencies in terms of relative majority, and a nonher 225 atomic number 18 e lected proportionally at multi-mandate national constituency from the list of mountaindidates who comes from the political positionies.Constitution and laws of Ukraine establish the powers of the peoples deputies. They can unite themselves into factions with more than 25 members. These deputy crowds argon formed on a dampy and non- bettery land.Then, the Cabinet of Ministers which is the supreme executive authority of Ukraine comes. Presidential orders, laws of Ukraine and the Constitution argon the legal basis for its actions. The giving medication is responsible to the President and it is tameled by the Verkhovna Rada. This dependency leads to presidential appointment of a roseola minister with parliamentary consent. thrill Ministers authorities may be suspended and discharged by the President. Furthermore, Members of Cabinet of Ministers are discharged and constitute by President.When we look at the judicial authority system, there are Constitutional Court and Courts of General Jurisdiction. Furthermore, the supreme authority in administration is absolute Court of Ukraine. The system of courts of general jurisdiction is based on the principles of territorial and special jurisdiction. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is a separate entity and is sovereign from the Courts of General Jurisdiction. The activities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine promote constitutional control in all spheres, stabilization and strengthening of constitutional order, the establishment of principle of primacy of law and the supreme legal force of the Constitution, and the promotion of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.Ukrainians had to take a program of state and nation building simultaneously. In the process of state building, Ukrainian policy was shaped with the thirsttoguarantee itsindependence. It can be said that Ukrainian independence was accompanied with the qualifications of quasi-state and quasi-nation as a part of the Soviet heritage. Pol icy of Ukraine since 1991- 1992 until the 2004- 2005 was based on the process of state and nation building. Beca aim of locked within the Soviet security deposits, Ukraine has isolated from the early(a) globe.All the interactions with the entire world were conducted by Moscow, that is the reason why Ukrainian authorities had no escort in cooperation with other states and independent administration of the state.(http//www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/6/1/1/8/pages361183/p361183-20.php)E.2.Presidents of UkraineWhile examining the political transition of the Ukraine, it is overly incumbent to deal with the presidents and elections. After the independence from Soviet in 1991, in Ukraine there held 5 presidential elections in 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2004 and 2010, five parliamentary elections in 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2007. The Ukrainian Constitution which was adopted in 1996 and was amended in 2004, stipulates a de-facto triplex executive that is dependent on both the president and the parliamentary majority. (Oleksandr Sushko and Olena Prystayko) in that respect held the maiden-year presidential election on 1st December 1991. Leonid Kravchuk elevate the elections with the 61,59 percent of the votes in the first smoothen and became the state President. He showed a degree of political continuity from the Soviet period. He failed in discretion the need for sparing reform. Consequently, because of non applianceing the reforms in which power was divided mingled with the communists and the opposition, the result became a hybrid regime. (Karpyk, Tamila,8)As it was stated before, the first eld of independence was dealing with nationbuildingandpoliticalsurvival.The appearance and activities of Rukh (the Peoples strawman of Ukraine) which is a new Democratic Party was important for preservation of national individuation among the masses. VyacheslavChornovilwas the attracter of the Democratic Party and he had significant characte ristics on the spirit of nationalism in Ukraine. In these circumstances, changing into a nation-builder and being a mediator between the nationalist West and the Russified Eastern part of the coun resolve was non difficult for the first President Leonid Kravchuk who was former wink Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine. However, it was not an easy task. Before his office term ended, he had to call an early election because of the strike of the blacken miners on 7th July 1993.(http//www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/publish/article?art_id=72956cat_id=32588)With the decision of referendum, the early election was held on 26th June1994. Leonid Kravchuk and Leonid Kuchma were among the candidates of this election. In the first cps, no(prenominal) of the candidates gained over 50 percent. Leonid Kravchuk got 38,36 percent and Leonid Kuchma got 31,17 percent of the votes. In the sanction round which was held on 10th July 1994, season the current head of the state reliable the 45,06, Leonid Kuchma was elected as Ukranian second Head of State with the 52,15 percent. (http//www.turksam.org/tr/a1898.html)It was surprise for Leonid Kravchuk to overleap to Leonid Kuchma in the early elections. Leonid Kuchma was the former manager of Ukraines biggest armaments factory. On flood tide to power, Kuchma devolved greater power to the domains to decide linguistic and national questions. In his election campaign, anti-nationalist ruling was aired by the Kuchma. (Kuzio, 214) However, this more cock-a-hoop policy has squarely contradicted his desire for national consolidation and th fightted attempts to make policy implementation by the center in the periphery more efficient and effective. His first year in power led to financial stabilization. However, he could not uphold the reform process and that led to small group in power becoming richer and the majority of the people had to find another means for survival. In 1999, during the Office term of Kuchma, The Committee t o Protect Journalists stated Ukraine for its restrictions over independent media. The image of Ukraine was influenced in negative bearing because of disappearance of opposition journalist. (Karpyk, Tamila,20) Kuchma has refer relations with Putin. His administration can be seen as soft authoritarianism.Corruption, inhibition of the media and weakening of the civil decree were activities during the period of Leonid Kuchma. He aspired to construct a system of managed res publica which is formal democratic practices that informal control of all political institutions similar to Putins model of government in Russia but he never had much(prenominal) kind of success. Ukraines three largest oligarchic group did stern Kuchma and wielded their media and financial resources. (McFaul,50-51) However, Kuchma did not control the rents generated from oil and gas gross revenue that could put one over been used to purchase the loyalty of societal challengers. Kuchmas regime did not control or own major segments of the Ukrainian economy.The third election was held on 31st October 1999, Leonid Kuchma also took part in this election. there were 13 candidates but n bingle of them got the majority of the votes. Ukrainian Communist Party leader Petro Simonenko and Leonid Kuchma competed in the second round. The former President was re-elected for a second term by taking 56,25 percent of the votes. In 2000, Viktor Yuschenko became boot Minister of Kuchma. In sparing domain, the citizens became hopeful with this change. Especially encouraging privatization, comprehensive reform programs and attempts for legal community of corruption enabled Yuschenko to have support from Ukrainians. As a consequence, he automatically became opponent to Kuchma and he was dismissed from his post. In 2000, a former left and oligarch leader released a video record which contains Leonid Kuchmas illegal orders. With this event, a grunge broke out and it brought a different approach to Ukraini an politics. In the parliamentary elections, Yuschenkos bloc got 112 chairs. However Kuchmas party got 104 chairs and it became sign for the upcoming elections for President. (Sarkaya, p.3) Kuchma has tried to squelch opposition voices. However, his jailing of former Energy Minister Yuliya Tymoshenko, his dismissal of Prime Minister Yuschenko and his apparent collusion in the murder of journalist Georgy Gongadze kick upstairs weakened the state and created more opposition. (McFaul, p.54)As a final theory on Kuchmas term, he did not aspire to construct full short-winded autocracy. He was prepared to transgress democratic rules to prevent the opposition from coming to power and he also wanted to maintain the appearance of body politic.The stern Presidential elections were really struggling and it led to the chromatic Revolution which leave be explained in the following section. The election held on 31st October 2004 had 26 candidates. Two of the candidates were Prime Minister V iktor Yanukovych backed by Russia and former Prime Minister and opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko supported by the West. The first round was really competitive and in the second round the percentage of the votes of Yanukovych and Yushchenko were keep open out to each other. With the announ cement of the international electoral watchdogs about de trick on the elections resulted in the mass demonstrations of the existence. Ukrainian High Court explained that the results were not valid. As the new election was held, Yushchenko instead of Yanukovych got the Presidency with the help of the Orange Revolution. Although Yanukovych did not win the election, it was seen that his and Russias political influence power in Ukraine was very gruelling. (http//www.turksam.org/tr/a1898.html)When Yushchenko first came to power, Ukraines Orange government seemed like it could meet the popular demands for radical political reform and immediate integration into Europe. Yushchenko and his Prime Mini ster Tymoshenko showed their incompatibility while working. They criticized each other openly. The Ukrainian political system became more dysfunctional. (Motyl, Alexander, 4) thither is also an important and positive improvement. During Yuschchenkos term Ukraine was upgraded to FREE from Partly excuse by Freedom House. He failed to understand the need to deal with Ukraines ago or how to integrate Ukraine and follow through on act criminal charges against the elites who had murdered journalists, abused their positions of power through massive corruption and stealth of state property, and organized mass election fraud. (Kuzio, 217)On the other hand, he actively favored his ethnic Ukrainian base by promoting the Ukrainian language, culture, and identity in schools, government, and the media. With these actions, he alienated many of the ethnic Russians and Russian speaking Ukrainians in the countrys east and south. (Motyl, Alexander, 3)On 17 January 2010, 18 candidates competed in the elections. Current President Yushchenko was also one of the participants. (http//www.turksam.org/tr/a1898.html)In February 2010, Viktor Yanukovych made a remarkable political comeback. It was surprising that Orange Revolution was conducted against Yanukovychs Presidency and in a flash the Ukrainians elected him voluntarily. The economical conditions of Ukraine could be explanation for this situation. In 2009, the countrys GDP trim by 15 percent. People were frustrated and they were testamenting to support anyone who could oblige the economic conditions. And Tymoshenko was seen as guilty and Yanukovych became the winner.At the start of his presidency, Yanukovych laid out his unconnected policy priorities restoring Ukraines close ties with Russia, European integration and building relationships with strategic partners such as the United States. By playing to these priorities and, at the same time, pursuing their own interests in the region, Russia, the European Union, and th e United States can help energise the Yanukovych presidency and Ukraine.(Motyl,Alexander, 2) Yanukovych claimed that he learned from his mistakes in the past. However, he had already through with(p) some mistakes. He redefined democracy as political order. He does not advocate Ukrainian heritage contrary to his opponent Yushchenko. He found Dmytro Tabachnyk for Ministery of Education and Science. He was not a good choice because he openly declares his anti-Ukrainian becharms. He also claims that ethnic Ukrainians in the west of Ukraine are too western sandwichized to be genuine Ukrainians. His assault on the Ukrainian identity resulted in demonstrations and protests which were directed at Yanukovych and his minister. (Motyl,Alexander, 4)As a result of Yanukovychs centralised and anti-Ukrainian regime, Ukraine does not pull in national consensus on the political and economic counselling of country. He is not pass judgment to be authoritarian because of not having strong coerci ve apparatus as Putin but his regime is seen as payoff to Kuchmism. There created strong opposition to him and Ukraines first President Kravchuk is among them. He criticized lawlessness, permissiveness, use of force and corruption which are done by the team of Yanukovych. It is deliberated that if he continues to act like this, he can provoke a second Orange Revolution. Lacking the ability, capacity, and will to change the system, Yanukovych will probably try to enhance his regimes legitimacy. However, its Party of Region is not supported by population in Kiev and no reform is expected during his term because of company Kuchmas incompetent ministers in his team. Furthermore, the lower natural gas price that Yanukovych negotiated with Russia will bring immediate benefits to the oligarchs. Lower gas prices will allow them to keep the costs of their products low and globally competitive without forcing them to modernize or perplex more efficient. Even if the people welcomes lower g as prices at first Yanukovychs regime is expected to be more corrupt. (Kuzio, 214)After evaluating Presidents of Ukraine, the citizens ideas on democracy are worthy to examine. According to survey which is conducted in 2010, the preference for democracy is highest in Western Ukraine, while apathy toward the type of governing system is highest in Eastern and Southern Ukraine. More Ukrainians do not view Ukraine as a democracy than those who do. Only 25 percent of Ukrainians see that Ukraine is a democracy compared to 41 percent who do not believe it is a democracy. E.3. The Orange RevolutionFrom over ii decades, Ukraine has been veneer with a some difficult transition from its authoritarian past. On the way to democratization, it has experienced economic collapse, over lasting constitution making period, border disputes with its neighbors, severe discontinuities and a revolution.(Bohdan Harasymiw, 2002)The fall 2004 presidential election was one of the crucial movements in the hi story of Ukraine. The current president Leonid Kuchma and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych who was elect successor of Kuchma deployed state resources, national media, and private funding from both Ukrainians and Russians to win against Viktor Yushchenko. When this effort was not enough, the government of Kuchma added votes in the second round for Yanukovych. As a response, Yushchenko called his supporters to come to Independence Square. The reason for this call is to protest this fraud in the election. Thousands of people came together in Kiev and stayed there until Supreme Court decided to cancel the second round results. (McFaul, 49)As we approximate the Orange Revolution, it is understood that domestic factors accounted for most of the drama of this event.but external factors play direct role in constraining some dimensions of autocratic power. It also enhanced some dimensions of the oppositions power.However, Ukrainian democracy did not consolidate later on the Revolution. Eve n if the Ukrainian democracy go back towards autocracy over the long run, this dramatic event is still seen as a democratic breakthrough in this decade.(McFaul, 48)With the Orange Revolution, it was seen that in Ukraine there is a get by for between a semi-autocratic regime and a democratic opposition. Although there were improvements towards liberal democracy but not guaranteed. Institutional changes remain modest. 5 years after this movement, election of Yanukovych can be surprising and made the Orange Revolution waste of time. It has just postponed his Presidency.F.3.Ukraine- misfire Relations jokester and Ukraine are neighbors on the sick Sea. When we look at the general situation between these dickens countries it can be said that it is good but not fitted compared to their current potential. Especially in the issue of security in faint Sea, Ukraine has great richness for Turkey. Furthermore, its location on the energy lines, being one of the significant melanise Sea cou ntries, the historical ties with Crimea region and nearly 265000 Crimean Turks living in Crimea makes their relations substantial and sensitive. (http//www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ukrayna-ekonomik-iliskileri.tr.mfa)As it is all known Ukraine has importance on the international relations with its strategic position. Ukraine sees Turkey as a key country for exit for Middle East and Mediterranean Sea. Ukraines orthogonal policy in its South axis aims to improve relations with Turkey. For Turkey, Ukraine is a buffer zone in order to prevent Russians to reach Black Sea.Turkey also attaches importance to Ukraine in terms of the stability of the region and strives to further develop its bilateral relations with Ukraine in every cranial orbit especially economic and trade. (http//www.turksam.org/tr/a1512.html)Turkey is one of the first countries which recognized the Ukrainian Independence. Because of the discontinuity of the political relations, economic and the trade relations moved ahead of them. The communications protocol on the establishment of the diplomatic relations between Turkey and Ukraine was sign on February 3, 1992. The legal framework which regulates the relations and cooperation between these two countries is around complete after the signing of several agreements and protocols in political, military, economic, cultural, educational and parole related fields. (http//www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ukrayna-ekonomik-iliskileri.tr.mfa)In 1994, Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement entered into force. There has been no serious political problem and there is an increase on the economic dynamic. There is an unbalanced situation of trade. Although Turkey imports more, its exports to Ukraine remains very low. 70 percent of Ukraines exports to Turkey is composed of iron, steel and the other mine products. There has been an increase of the Turkeys exportations on coal, organic and inorganic chemical substances, wood, aluminum, paper, plaster, stone and cement from 2007.Tu rkeys investment in Ukraine is towards 135 million US dollars. There are over 500 enterprises. other part of the relationship between these two countries is composed of Black Sea Economic Cooperation which both are the members. (http//www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-ukrayna-ekonomik-iliskileri.tr.mfa) Moreover, Turkey and Ukraine support each other in international organizations such as UN, CoE, and OSCE. Military relations are conducted both on bilateral basis and within the framework of NATO-Ukraine Commission, BLACKSEAFOR and Operation Black Sea Harmony.(http//www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-ukraine.en.mfa)In 2003, Turkey declared Ukraine as let State status so Ukraine became privileged in Turkeys foreign policy. There have been several negotiations of the Foreign and Prime Ministers of both countries. In January 2007, Prime Minister Yanukovich visited Turkey and Operation Black Sea Harmony was signed.G.ConclusionIn conclusion, after evaluating the Ukraines triple tran sition period, we have reached some important points. Although there have been some attempts to to the full implement democracy, there are some obstacles.At first glance, the problems seem to be resulted from its communist past and Russian influence. Ukraine does not fully integrate as Ukrainian society. The problematic national transition of Ukraine can be traced back to this period. Seperatist minority groups, ethnic Russians and Crimean Tatars, keep Ukraine deal with its internal problems rather than economic ones.Economic crises which resulted from the price of gas fluctuations led to frustration within the country. Another obstacle that Ukraine faces with is its dependency on Russia in terms of energy. If it does not overpower this struggle, it seems to restrict Ukraines regional power. However, explaining Ukrainian internal conflicts only with the Russia based reasons would be wrong. Russia is extremely influential factor but we should not underestimate the other factors.In Ukraine, there are not only two cleavages that wear out the country. Ukrainians are divided also among themselves. It is clear that Ukrainian part and Russified part in Ukraine exist and surprisingly there was no civil war because there is no clear distinction between these counterparts. One of the most important sign for democracy is civil society and in Ukraine it can be seen as the strongest among the other Post-Communist states though it is not in Western standards. This led to the Orange Revolution that increased the political competition tho it could not succeed in long term reforms.Political instabilities and crisis environs became continuous in which Yanukovychs pro-Russian attitudes and Yushchenkos Ukrainian nationalism competed. Besides Ukrainian society chose best of the worst option because of the high level of corruption. As a matter of fact that in the first place Ukraine should focus on the problem of high level of corruption as the society expected to do so. The r eason hidden behind societys choice for Yanukovych is his claims on economic solutions rather than his political views.After all, the analytical outcomes show that Ukraine does not fully achieve a consolidated democracy. Although civil society and independent media winder a promising Picture, it has more things to do in order to reach the standards of Western democracies. Especially, the deficiency in the reforms on the political institutions should be reconsidered. Nevertheless, Ukraine succeeded able triple transition, coming after the Baltic States, when we compared it to the remaining post-Soviet countries like the Caucasus and the cardinal Asia.