Malaysian Legal System Introduction to Law

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA-FAKULTI FILEM TEATER & group A ANIMASI-ZOOM NOTES Malaysian LEGAL SYSTEM+ mental institution TO LAW Sources of practice of lawstatutes, law reports, schoolbook books,religious beliefs, local customs, opinion of jurists ? Law &type A MoralityOverlaps/Differs from Society e. g-gayism/outlaw(a) samsu-Swak/Psular ? Law & judgeUphold justice & depends on locality e. g rampancy ? Federal establishment (lex locci)/ pen Constitution ? Highest Law of the realm ?Malaysian/human rightfields/liberty ? whatsoever laws against the Federal Constitution-null & void ? e. retroactive penal provision/trial by the same wrap upence/represented by a legal practiti atomic number 53r 24hrs MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM-MAXIMCHECK & commensurateness/MONTESQIEU ?JUDICIARY ?EXECUTIVE ?LEGISTLATIVE TYPES OF LAW ? indite Law-e. g. acts/Unwritten Law-e. g. courts decicion ? Public Lawe. g. fell law/Private Lawe. g. reserve law ? Binding Precedenthigher(prenominal) Court binds the lower ?PersuasivePrecedentCourts of the same train persuasive LAW OF CONTR sour ELEMENTS- 1. toss To be distinguished from invitation to compensate openizing 2.Acceptance 3. Intention to create legal blood Mere promise for lunch treat is NOT binding 4. Consideration object Natural Love & friendshipe. g. Father to Son 5. Certainty 6. Capacity-Sound look MINOR General principle is not binding & restricted to the followings ? contracts for necessarieseg contracts to have food, clothes & purpose of education. ?contracts for lore a scholarship agreementis valid. ?contracts for restitution under the Insurance Act,1963, an infant everywhere the age of 10 may picture into a contract of insurance.H/e, if he is at a lower place 16, he can only do so with the written consent of his parents or guardian. CONTRACT VALIDSAH VOIDBATAL VODABLEBOLEH BATAL rescindableIf proven the existence of these elements ?COERCION(paksaan) ? unreasonable INFLUENCE(tidak sewajar at au sepatutnya) ?FRAUD(penipuan) ?MISREPRESENTATION(gambaran yang salah) ? misunderstanding(kesilapan) LAW OF civil wrongS ELEMENTSDUTY OF CARE- NOT TO BREACHED/TO ACT REASONABLY 1. NEGLIGENCE 2. TRESPASS usurpation to person/trespass to demean / goods. violate to persons ? Assault ?battery false imprisonment. TRESSPASSERS SHALL BE reasonableNOTPROSECUTED 3. NUISANCE i. public nuisance ii. private nuisance. 4. DEFAMATION ?LIBEL- subject ?SLANDER-words ? GENERAL defence mechanismS (EXCEPTIONS) NEGATING LIABILITY IN tort 1)VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA 2)MISTAKE 3)INEVITABLE happening 4)ACT OF GOD 5)PRIVATE DEFENCE. 6)NECESSITY 7)STATUTORY CONTRACT TORT 2 sides/ parties Maybe More than 2parties Written/Unwritten No written aggreement necessary therapeutic alter Remedy Damages certificate of indebtedness Contractual Duty Duty Duty of Care follow,alliance & restore PROPRIETOR mend PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR-ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION-LOW FEES EASY TO rifle MOST putting surface BUSINESS/INDIVIDUAL/ENTERPRISE= aforementioned(prenominal) ENTITY RESOURCESOWN/FRIENDS/FAMILY 1 MAN expose FAST ON DECISION-START/CEASE OPERATE FROM HOME/NO OFFICE PARTNERSHIP PARTNERSHIP-TEAM UPRESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE BIGGER denture RESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE POPULAR AMONG PROFESSIONALS LIABILITY/ gain ground SHARED PARTNERSHIP- NO AGREEMENT-PRESUMPTION=EQUALLY LIABLE PARTNERSHIP-WITH AGREEMENT-ACCORDING TO AGREEMENT PARTNER ACTING ON BEHALF OF PARTNERSHIP-BINDING PERSONAL ASSET=LIABLE confederation COMPANY-SEPARATE ENTITY RESOURCES-CAPITAL-PAID UP/AUTHORISED DOCUMENTATIONSMEMORANDUM/ word REGISTERED OFFICE COSTLY COMPANY secretarial assistant RESOLUTIONS-LOANS? FINANCING? PERSONAL ASSET/COMPANY ASSET AUDITED /ANNUAL MEETING apt PROPERTY * REAL PRORERTY- Building/chattels/land/ho use of goods and services= manifest PERSONAL PROPERTY-Jewelleries,laptops,handphones/cars=tangible * INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-theintangibleproduct of one persons work by hand/brain against una uthorized use or exploitation by other ? Berne right of first publication Convention1886 one hundred thirty-fivecountries PROTECTION-INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYe. g. to be protected ? spare ?TRADEMARK ?industrial DESIGN ? occult INFORMATION ?TRADE SECRET ?right of first publication ?GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATOR ?INTERGRATED CIRCUIT ?INDUSTRIALDESIGN Section 7 of the Act, Copyright Act includes ?literary works ? melodious works ?artistic works ?films ? cash in ones chips recordings broadcasts PRE REQUISITE FOR PROTECTION Sec 7 (3)ORIGINAL/GENUINE Sec 8 (3)MATERIAL FORM Sec 17DURATION50 YRS AFTER final stage MULTIMEDIA LAW Technology * A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills & extract or collect materials * An evolution of idea * Impacting the world-creating newfound wealth, reshaping economy & social insurance General-NewMedia * Email * Social network * mental picture conference * Digitalisation -Nothing can convert face to face communication -Cost effective-travel/ get-at-able large group -New skills required comparable effect-on line & off line -Virtual -No barrier Privacy The right to be left alone Tresspass to- * face-to-face selective information-biological/genetics DNA /banks * Freedom-human rights * Privacy-private life Remedy ?Federal Constitution ?Civil legal proceeding ?Penal Code ?Personal Data Protection Act ?Communication & Multimedia Act Malaysian regulatoryBody Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia-THE AUTHORITY e. g. totally cellular phone accounts need to be registered JURISDICTION Post/courier nix Telecoms Digital certification authorities